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- Essay Name : 1429.txt
- Uploader : Joe Austin
- Email Address :
- Language : English
- Subject : History
- Title : Slavery
- Grade : B-
- School System : High School
- Country : USA
- Author Comments :
- Teacher Comments :
- Date :
- Site found at :
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- The issue of slavery has been touched upon often in the course of
- history. The institution of slavery was addressed by French
- intellectuals during the Enlightenment. Later, during the French
- Revolution, the National Assembly issued the Declaration of the Rights of
- Man, which declared the equality of all men. Issues were raised
- concerning the application of this statement to the French colonies in
- the West Indies, which used slaves to work the land. As they had
- different interests in mind, the philosophes, slave owners, and political
- leaders took opposing views on the interpretation of universal equality.
- Many of the philosophes, the leaders of the Enlightenment, were
- against slavery. They held that all people had a natural dignity that
- should be recognized. Voltaire, an 18th century philosophe, pointed out
- that hundreds of thousands of slaves were sacrificing their lives just so
- the Europeans could quell their new taste for sugar, tea and cocoa. A
- similar view was taken by Rousseau, who stated that he could not bear to
- watch his fellow human beings be changed to beasts for the service of
- others. Religion entered into the equation when Diderot, author of the
- Encyclopedia, brought up the fact that the Christian religion was
- fundamentally opposed to Black slavery but employed it anyway in order to
- work the plantations that financed their countries. All in all, those
- influenced by the ideals of the Enlightenment, equality, liberty, the
- right to dignity, tended to oppose the idea of slavery.
- Differing from the philosophes, the political leaders and
- property owners tended to see slavery as an element that supported the
- economy. These people believed that if slavery and the slave trade were
- to be abolished, the French would lose their colonies, commerce would
- collapse and as a result the merchant marine, agriculture and the arts
- would decline. Their worries were somewhat merited; by 1792 French ships
- were delivering up to 38,000 slaves and this trade brought in 200 million
- livres a year. These people had economic incentives to support slavery,
- however others were simply ignorant. One man, Raynal, said that white
- people were incapable of working in the hot sun and blacks were much
- better suited to toil and labor in the intense heat. Having a similar
- view to Raynal, one property owner stated that tearing the blacks from
- the only homes they knew was actually humane. Though they had to work
- without pay, this man said slave traders were doing the blacks a favor by
- placing them in the French colonies where they could live without fear
- for tomorrow. All of these people felt that the Declaration of the
- Rights of Man did not pertain to black people or their descendants.
- All people were not ignorant, however. There was even a group of
- people who held surprisingly modern views on slavery; views some people
- haven't even accepted today. In his Reflections on Black People, Olympe
- de Gouges wondered why blacks were enslaved. He said that the color of
- people's skin suggests only a slight difference. The beauty of nature
- lies in the fact that all is varied. Another man, Jacques Necker, told
- people that one day they would realize the error of their ways and notice
- that all people have the same capacity to think and suffer.
- The slavery issue was a topic of debate among the people of
- France. The views of the people, based on enlightenment, the welfare of
- the country or plain ignorance were tossed around for several more years
- until the issue was finally resolved. In the end the philosophes, with
- their liberated ideas, won out and slavery was abolished.
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